Assessment of Water Availability and Demand in Goronyo Reservoir Sokoto, Nigeria
Abstract
Climatic parameters are subjected to variation due to atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases, so it is essential to assess the water availability and demand under the climate variation in Goronyo reservoir since supply of water is one of the significant tasks in water resources management. In this study, estimation of available water, demand and unmet demand was simulated using Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) Software with the opinion of assessing the availability of the water for it use under climate change. Firstly, the climatic data was obtained and used to simulate the surface water situation with the model. Secondly, the data was projected based on the initial model output and compared with the existing (observed) data. The comparison involved calibration and validation with the recorded data of river flow. Thirdly, the hypothetical climate change Scenarios were applied to the model so as to know what is to be expected if climate changes. Thus, the model was used to analyse what happened to demand and water availability in the study area. The study found the demand and Unmet demand as the output of the model, and the result showed that the annual total demand for various uses from 2018 to 2070 is 7076.4 million cubic meters (MCM) and annual average of 133.4 million cubic meters (MCM). Meanwhile, the unmet demand ranges from annual total of 1157.5 million cubic meters to 1199.7 million cubic meters and annual average of 21.84 MCM to 22.64 MCM. From the result the highest unmet was recorded under the worst scenario i.e. scenario 9 with 1.2oC increase in temperature and 10% decrease in precipitation. In Conclusion, it was found that the demand in the area is 6 times higher in years to come i.e. 50 years from now and deficit is 61% increased.Keywords – Climate variation, Goronyo Reservoir, Water Demand and UnmetReferences
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Xu C. Y. (1999). Climate Change and Hydrologic Models: A
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Yates, D. (1996). WatBal: An Integrated Water Balance Model for Climate Impact Assessment of River Basin Runoff. Water Resources Development, 12: 121-139
Abubakar, S. D. and Aliyu, M. (2017). "Examining Sediment
Accumulation in Goronyo Reservoir, Sokoto State, Nigeria." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) 22(8): 60-65.
Adeniyi, P.O.(1993). Integration of remotesensing and GIS
for agricultural resource management in Nigeria. EARSel Advances in Remote Sensing 2(3): 6 – 21.
Bobba A. G., Jeffries D. S., Singh V. P. (1999). Sensitivity of
Hydrological Variables in the Northeast Pond River Watershed, New found land, Canada, Due to atmospheric change. Water Resources Management, 13: 171-188
Boorman D. B., Sefton C. E. M. (1997).Recognising the
uncertainty in qualifi-cation of the Effects of Climate Change on Hydrological Response. Climatic Change, 35: 415-434
Conway, D., Persechino, A., Ardoin-Bardin, S.,
Hamandawana, H., Dieulin, C., & Mahé, G. (2009). Rainfall and Water Resources Variability in Sub-Saharan Africa during the Twentieth Century, Journal of Hydrometeorology, 10, 41–59.
Davis, G. (1982). Rainfall &Temperature.In: Abdu, P.S.
and Swindell, K. (Eds.) Sokoto State in Maps: An Atlas of Physical and Human Resources. Ibadan: Ibadan University Press.
FAO.FAOSTAT-Crops: Food and Agriculture Organization of
the United Nations, Rome, Italy. Available online: http://faostat.fao.org (accessed on 6 October 2017).
Gill, M.A. (1974). Hydrological characteristics of the Sokoto-Rima basin. Savanna 3(1): 61– 76
Gleick P. H. (1987). Regional Hydrologic Consequences of
Increases in Atmospheric CO and Other Trace Gases. Climatic Change, 10: 137-161 2
Global Rice Science Partnership (GRISP), (2013). Rice
Almanac, 4th Edn. Los Banos: International Rice Research.
Hailemariam K. (1999). Impact of Climate Change on the Water Resources of Awash River Basin,Ethiopia. Climate Research, 12: 91-96
Huang, W.C.; Chiang, Y.; Wu, R.Y.; Lee, J.L.; Lin, S.H. (2012) The impact of climate change on Rainfall frequency in Taiwan. Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci, 23, 553–564.
Hsu, H.H.; Chen, C.T.; Lu, M.M.; Chen, Y.M.; Chou, C.; Wu,
Y.C., (2011). Climate Change in Taiwan: Scientific Report; National Science Council, Executive Yuan: Taipei, Taiwan.
IPCC (2007): The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of
Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge United Kingdom
Islam M. D., Aramaki T., Hanaki K. (2005). Development and Application of Integrated Water Balance Model to Study the Sensitivity of the Tokyo Metropolitan Area and Water Availability Scenario to Climatic Changes. Water Resources Management, 19: 423-445
Ita, E.O., Balogun, J.K. and Adimula, O.A. (1982) Preliminary report of pre-impoundment fisheries survey of Goronyo reservoir. A report submitted to the Sokoto Rima River Basin Development Authority, Sokoto, Nigeria.
Liu, T.M.; Tung, C.P.; Ke, K.Y.; Chuang, L.G.; Lin, C.Y.
Application and development of a decision-support system for assessing water shortage and allocation with climate Change. Paddy Water Environ.2009, 7, 301–311.
Norton G., et al. (2018). Genome Wide Association Mapping of Grain and Straw Biomass. Traits in the Rice Bengal and Assam Aus. Panel (BAAP) Grown Under Alternate Wetting and Drying and Permanently Flooded Irrigation
Ogheneakpobo, E.M. (1988). Land use changes as a result of the Goronyo dam construction (B.Sc.Project). Department of Geography, University of Sokoto, Sokoto.
Udo, R.K. (1970). Geographical Regions of Nigeria. London: Heinemann
Uitto, J.I. (2004). Multi-country cooperation around shared
waters: role of monitoring and Evaluation, Global Environmental Change, 14, 5–14.
UNESCO (2006), Water: a shared responsibility, The UN World Water Development Report 2, UNESCO,Paris
Wang Xiao – Jun, Zhang-Jian-Yun, Liu Jiu-Fu, Wang Guo- Qing, He Rui-Min, Wang Yan Can, Zhang Ming and Liu Cui-Shan (2009), Water Demand Management instead of Water Supply Management: A Case Study of Yulin City in North-western China; Improving Integrated Surface and Groundwater Resources Management in Vulnerable and Changing World – IAS Publication, 330 pp.
Williams, J.S. (2010), United State Involvement in UNESCO’s International Hydrological program, U.S. Geological Survey.
Xu C. Y. (1999). Climate Change and Hydrologic Models: A
Review of Existing Gaps and Recent Research Developments. Water Resources Management, 13: 369-382
Yang, T.C.; Yu, P.S.; Wei, C.M.; Chen, S.T. (2011) Projection of climate change for daily 25, 1324–precipitation: A case study in Shih-Men reservoir catchment in Taiwan. Hydrol. Process, 1354.
Yates, D. (1996). WatBal: An Integrated Water Balance Model for Climate Impact Assessment of River Basin Runoff. Water Resources Development, 12: 121-139
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2020-09-30
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